Thursday, October 29, 2026

Crypto ETF Rules In The US: How a Fund Gets Listed Now

ETF exchange traded fund on wood blocks

Getty Images

The September 2025 approval changed the arithmetic for every crypto fund sponsor in the country. Before that date, each new crypto exchange-traded product required its own Rule 19b-4 filing with the SEC, a process that could take 240 days and frequently took longer when the agency used its full extension authority. The result was a bottleneck where individual products waited years while the underlying question of whether commodity-based trust shares could list at all had already been answered by Bitcoin and Ethereum precedent. The generic standards replaced that per-product queue with a category-level framework……..Continue reading…

By Andrew Folkler

Source: Crypto News

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Critics:

ETFs are similar in many ways to mutual funds, except that ETFs are bought and sold from other owners throughout the day on stock exchanges, whereas mutual funds are bought and sold from the issuer based on their price at day’s end. ETFs are also more transparent since their holdings are generally published online daily and, in the United States, are more tax efficient than mutual funds.

Unlike mutual funds, ETFs trade on a stock exchange, can be sold short, can be purchased using funds borrowed from a stockbroker (margin), and can be purchased and sold using limit orders, with the buyer or seller aware of the price per share in advance. Both ETFs and mutual funds charge annual expense ratios that range from 0.02% of the investment value to upwards of 1% of the investment value.

Mutual funds generally have higher annual fees since they have higher marketing, distribution and accounting expenses (12b-1 fees). ETFs are also generally cheaper to operate since, unlike mutual funds, they do not have to buy and sell securities and maintain cash reserves to accommodate shareholder purchases and redemptions.

Stockbrokers may charge different commissions, if any, for the purchase and sale of ETFs and mutual funds. In addition, sales of ETFs in the United States are subject to transaction fees that the national securities exchanges must pay to the SEC under section 31 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which, as of February 2023, is $8 per $1 million in transaction proceeds. 

Many mutual funds can be bought commission-free from the issuer, although some charge front-end or back-end loads, while ETFs do not have loads at all. In the United States, ETFs can be more attractive tax-wise than mutual funds for transactions made in taxable accounts. However, there are no tax benefits to ETFs compared to mutual funds in the United Kingdom and Germany.

In the US, whenever a mutual fund realizes a capital gain that is not balanced by a realized loss (i.e. when the fund sells appreciated shares to meet investor redemptions), its shareholders who hold the fund in taxable accounts must pay capital gains taxes on their share of the gain. However, ETF investors generally only realize capital gains when they sell their own shares for a gain. ETFs offered by Vanguard are actually a different share class of its mutual funds and do not stand on their own; however, they generally do not have any adverse tax issues.

In the United States, ETFs can be more attractive tax-wise than mutual funds for transactions made in taxable accounts. However, there are no tax benefits to ETFs compared to mutual funds in the United Kingdom and Germany. In the US, whenever a mutual fund realizes a capital gain that is not balanced by a realized loss (i.e. when the fund sells appreciated shares to meet investor redemptions), its shareholders who hold the fund in taxable accounts must pay capital gains taxes on their share of the gain.

However, ETF investors generally only realize capital gains when they sell their own shares for a gain. ETFs offered by Vanguard are actually a different share class of its mutual funds and do not stand on their own; however, they generally do not have any adverse tax issues. The most popular ETFs such as those tracking the S&P 500 trade tens of millions of shares per day and have strong market liquidity, while there are many ETFs that do not trade very often, and thus might be difficult to sell compared to more liquid ETFs.

The most active ETFs are very liquid, with high regular trading volume and tight bid-ask spreads (the gap between buyer and seller’s prices), and the price thus fluctuates throughout the day. This is in contrast with mutual funds, where all purchases or sales on a given day are executed at the same price at the end of the trading day.

Actively managed ETFs include active management, whereby the manager executes a specific trading strategy instead of replicating the performance of a stock market index. The securities held by such funds are posted on their websites daily, or quarterly in the cases of active non-transparent ETFs. The ETFs may then be at risk from people who might engage in front running since the portfolio reports can reveal the manager’s trading strategy.

Some actively managed equity ETFs address this problem by trading only weekly or monthly. The largest actively managed ETFs are the JPMorgan Equity Premium Income ETF (NYSE: JEPI), which charges 0.35% in annual fees, JPMorgan Ultra-Short Income ETF (NYSE: JPST), which charges 0.18% in annual fees, and the Pimco Enhanced Short Duration ETF (NYSE: MINT), which charges 0.36% in annual fees.

Cryptocurrency ETFs invest in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, or a basket of different cryptocurrencies. There are two types of crypto ETFs. Spot crypto ETFs invest directly in cryptocurrencies, tracking their real-time prices, and their share prices will fluctuate with the prices of the cryptocurrencies they hold.

On the other hand, future-based crypto ETFs refer to equities that do not invest directly in cryptocurrencies but rather in crypto futures contracts. These contracts are agreements to buy or sell cryptocurrencies at a predetermined price in the future. As a result, the share prices and price fluctuating trends of funds in these two types could be different, even though they hold identical cryptocurrencies and amounts.

ETF shares are created and redeemed when large broker-dealers called authorized participants (AP) act as market makers and purchase and redeem ETF shares directly from the ETF issuer in large blocks, generally 50,000 shares, called creation units. Purchases and redemptions of the creation units are generally in kind, with the AP contributing or receiving securities of the same type and proportion held by the ETF; the lists of ETF holdings are published online.

The ability to purchase and redeem creation units gives ETFs an arbitrage mechanism intended to minimize the potential deviation between the market price and the net asset value of ETF shares. APs provide market liquidity for the ETF shares and help ensure that their intraday market price approximates the net asset value of the underlying assets. Other investors, such as individuals using a retail broker, trade ETF shares on the secondary market.

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Eating This Protein-Rich Snack Could Have An Unexpected Effect On Your Health

Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock

When you are hunting for a healthy snack, yogurt may be one that comes to mind. Rich in protein and calcium, Greek yogurt in particular has many health benefits, and is packed with gut-loving microbes such as probiotic bacteria that remain in the yogurt after fermentation. Choosing a flavored yogurt instead may seem like a small upgrade, but the difference in nutrition can be quite substantial. In many cases the major negative impact is from sugar. While natural yogurt does contain lactose, the natural sugar found in milk (Greek yogurt contains about 50% less since much of it is drained off) many flavored yogurts also contain added sugar to make them taste more appealing……….Continue reading….

By Elaine Todd

Source: Sciencing

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Critics:

As it may contain live cultures, yogurt is often associated with probiotics, which have been postulated as having positive effects on immune, cardiovascular or metabolic health. A 2011 review stated that high-quality clinical evidence was insufficient to conclude that consuming yogurt lowers the risk of diseases or otherwise improves health. 

Meta-analyses found that consuming 80 grams per day of low-fat yogurt was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a lower incidence of hip fracture in post-menopausal women. A 2021 review found a cause-and-effect relationship between yogurt consumption and improved lactose tolerance and digestion, and that potential associations exist between yogurt consumption and improving bone health, as well as lowering the risk of some diseases, including cancers and metabolic syndrome.

Daily intake of 50 grams of yogurt has been shown to reduce risk of overweight or obesity by 13%, and reduce risk of type 2 diabetes by 7%. Yogurt consumption has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Some of the benefits were somewhat better for the lower fat yogurts. Many commercial yogurt products are supplemented with extra probiotic bacteria.

Yogurt made with raw milk can be contaminated with bacteria that can cause significant illness and even result in death, including Listeria, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, Brucella, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Yogurts can also be contaminated with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius.

Contamination occurs in traditionally prepared yogurts more often than industrially processed ones, but may affect the latter as well if manufacturing and packaging practices are suboptimal. When mold forms on yogurt, scraping it off does not eliminate it, as yogurt’s consistency allows the mold to penetrate and spread deeply under the surface.

Yogurt is made by warming milk to a temperature (30–45 °C (86–113 °F)) that will not kill the live microorganisms that turn the milk into yogurt, inoculating certain bacteria (starter culture), usually Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, into the milk, and then keeping it warm for several hours (4–12 hours).

Milk with added dried milk produces a firmer yogurt. Yogurt production provides two significant barriers to pathogen growth, heat and acidity (low pH). Both are necessary to ensure a safe product. Acidity alone is insufficient, as shown by recent outbreaks of food poisoning by E. coli O157:H7 that is acid-tolerant. E. coli O157:H7 is easily destroyed by pasteurization (heating); the initial heating of the milk kills pathogens as well as denaturing proteins.

The microorganisms that turn milk into yogurt can tolerate higher temperatures than most pathogens, so that a suitable temperature not only encourages the formation of yogurt, but inhibits pathogenic microorganisms. Once the yogurt has formed it can, if desired, be strained to reduce the whey content and thicken it.

Yogurt is a viscous, shear-thinning, non-Newtonian fluid that forms when milk, a Newtonian fluid, is fermented, causing protein aggregation and subsequent gelation. The result is a soft solid that can be modeled via the interactions of the casein proteins. The microstructure of yogurt is affected by its fat and protein content and its processing conditions.

In low-fat formulations, the microstructure is a network of casein protein globules joined via clusters and strands that encapsulate pores: these pores house the aqueous phase and the bacterial cultures of the yogurt. Stirred yogurt formulations have a coarser distribution of loosely associated casein particulates due to the shear forces and resulting particle-particle collisions induced during the mixing process. After stirring, yogurt is more accurately defined as a weak gel.

The mechanical properties of yogurt are typically assessed using rheometry, which quantifies the deformation and flow response of soft materials subject to shear forces. As is central in materials science, the rheological properties of yogurt are dictated by a variety of processing factors, including the ratios of dry and wet matter, thermal treatments, milk origin, starter cultures, and yogurt type.

Although cow milk is a common choice for yogurt production, other milks, such as goat, sheep, and camel, produce different rheologies. Goat milk yogurt has a low viscosity and a thinner texture when compared to cow milk yogurt. Conversely, sheep milk, having higher content of solids, has a higher viscosity and thicker texture when compared to cow milk yogurt.

Yogurt can further be characterized as “set” versus stirred, wherein set yogurts are processed and sold in the same container, and stirred yogurts are mixed prior to packaging in a secondary container.

General Mills Q1 sales fall as yogurt disposal weighs

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6 Things Your Mint Need In October For Long-Lasting Plants

Why is my mint turning brown

(Image credit: Nigel Burley via Alamy)

Mint is one of our best loved and most reliable herbs, and there so many varieties to grow. You can use it in teas, chop it into salads or sprinkle it over a huge range of dishes. To keep it at its best, a few fall interventions are advised, just to keep it perky and to encourage it to burst back into life with renewed vigor next spring. October is a key month in the mint-growing calendar, and while mint is one of the most easy-going garden herbs, needing little more than an occasional trim, you can get so much more from this tasty plant with a few timely late-fall tricks……..Continue reading…

By

Source:  Homes and Gardens

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Critics:

Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. Most are low in fat and calories but are bulky and filling. They supply dietary fiber and are important sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. Particularly important are the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E. When vegetables are included in the diet, there is found to be a reduction in the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic ailments.

Research has shown that, compared with individuals who eat less than three servings of fruits and vegetables each day, those that eat more than five servings have an approximately twenty percent lower risk of developing coronary heart disease or stroke. The nutritional content of vegetables varies considerably; some contain useful amounts of protein though generally they contain little fat, and varying proportions of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin K, and vitamin B6; provitamins; dietary minerals; and carbohydrates.

The consumption of crunchy and hard to chew foods, such as raw vegetables, during youth, while the bones are still growing, is needed for the human’s, and other animals’, jaws’ proper development, and without their consumption, the jaws do not grow to their full size, thus not leaving enough room for the teeth to grow in correctly, causing crooked and impacted teeth.

However, vegetables often also contain toxins and antinutrients which interfere with the absorption of nutrients. These include α-solanine, α-chaconine,[26] enzyme inhibitors (of cholinesterase, protease, amylase, etc.), cyanide and cyanide precursors, oxalic acid, tannins and others. These toxins are natural defenses, used to ward off the insects, predators and fungi that might attack the plant.

Some beans contain phytohaemagglutinin, and cassava roots contain cyanogenic glycoside as do bamboo shoots. These toxins can be deactivated by adequate cooking. Green potatoes contain glycoalkaloids and should be avoided. Fruit and vegetables, particularly leafy vegetables, have been implicated in nearly half the gastrointestinal infections caused by norovirus in the United States. These foods are commonly eaten raw and may become contaminated during their preparation by an infected food handler.

Hygiene is important when handling foods to be eaten raw, and such products need to be properly cleaned, handled, and stored to limit contamination. Spinach contains oxalates, which may inhibit absorption of calcium and iron in the stomach and small intestine. Cooked spinach, such as by blanching, has lower levels of oxalates, allowing some micronutrients to be absorbed more completely.

Cooking spinach significantly decreases its vitamin C concentration, as vitamin C is degraded by heating. Folate levels may also be decreased, as folate tends to leach into cooking liquid. Spinach is rich in nitrates and nitrites, which may exceed safe levels if spinach is over-consumed. Spinach is eaten raw, in salads, and cooked in soups, curries, or casseroles.

Dishes with spinach as a main ingredient include spinach salad, spinach soup, spinach dip, saag paneer, pkhali, ispanakhi matsvnit, and spanakopita. In classical French cuisine, a spinach-based dish may be described as à la Florentine.

Mint,VegetableBenefits ,HealthyEating ,EatYourVeggies ,PlantBased ,NutritionFacts ,HealthyLifestyle ,VeganDiet ,FuelYourBody ,WellnessJourney ,FreshProduce ,Superfoods ,GardenToTable ,PlantPower ,NutrientRich ,HealthyLiving ,CleanEating ,EatColorfully ,VegetablesForHealth ,MindfulEating ,HealthyChoices

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Crypto ETF Rules In The US: How a Fund Gets Listed Now

Getty Images The September 2025 approval changed the arithmetic for every crypto fund sponsor in the country. Before that date, each new cry...