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Not all businesses are bootstrapped. A lot also reach out to potential investors for financial help. But it’s not always easy to get the support you need from all the investors you reach out to. When you meet an investor you need to pitch your idea. In doing so, you tell them what you’re doing, how you’re solving a problem, why you’re better than your competitors, etc. But there are times when investors don’t like your pitch. And they dismiss you altogether. They might also give you some negative feedback, which can be really hard to digest.….Continue reading…
Source: Inc.com
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Critics:
The terms positive and negative feedback are defined in different ways within different disciplines. The change of the gap between reference and actual values of a parameter or trait, based on whether the gap is widening (positive) or narrowing (negative). The valence of the action or effect that alters the gap, based on whether it makes the recipient or observer happy (positive) or unhappy (negative).
The two definitions may be confusing, like when an incentive (reward) is used to boost poor performance (narrow a gap). Referring to definition 1, some authors use alternative terms, replacing positive and negative with self-reinforcing and self-correcting, reinforcing and balancing, discrepancy-enhancing and discrepancy-reducing or regenerative and degenerative respectively.
And for definition 2, some authors promote describing the action or effect as positive and negative reinforcement or punishment rather than feedback. Yet even within a single discipline an example of feedback can be called either positive or negative, depending on how values are measured or referenced. This confusion may arise because feedback can be used to provide information or motivate, and often has both a qualitative and a quantitative component.
As Connellan and Zemke (1993) put it: Quantitative feedback tells us how much and how many. Qualitative feedback tells us how good, bad or indifferent. While simple systems can sometimes be described as one or the other type, many systems with feedback loops cannot be shoehorned into either type, and this is especially true when multiple loops are present.
When there are only two parts joined so that each affects the other, the properties of the feedback give important and useful information about the properties of the whole. But when the parts rise to even as few as four, if every one affects the other three, then twenty circuits can be traced through them; and knowing the properties of all the twenty circuits does not give complete information about the system.
In general, feedback systems can have many signals fed back and the feedback loop frequently contain mixtures of positive and negative feedback where positive and negative feedback can dominate at different frequencies or different points in the state space of a system. The term bipolar feedback has been coined to refer to biological systems where positive and negative feedback systems can interact, the output of one affecting the input of another, and vice versa.
Some systems with feedback can have very complex behaviors such as chaotic behaviors in non-linear systems, while others have much more predictable behaviors, such as those that are used to make and design digital systems. Feedback is used extensively in digital systems. For example, binary counters and similar devices employ feedback where the current state and inputs are used to calculate a new state which is then fed back and clocked back into the device to update it.
Negative feedback occurs when the fed-back output signal has a relative phase of 180° with respect to the input signal (upside down). This situation is sometimes referred to as being out of phase, but that term also is used to indicate other phase separations, as in “90° out of phase”. Negative feedback can be used to correct output errors or to desensitize a system to unwanted fluctuations.
In feedback amplifiers, this correction is generally for waveform distortion reduction or to establish a specified gain level. A general expression for the gain of a negative feedback amplifier is the asymptotic gain model. Positive feedback occurs when the fed-back signal is in phase with the input signal.
Under certain gain conditions, positive feedback reinforces the input signal to the point where the output of the device oscillates between its maximum and minimum possible states. Positive feedback may also introduce hysteresis into a circuit. This can cause the circuit to ignore small signals and respond only to large ones. It is sometimes used to eliminate noise from a digital signal.
Under some circumstances, positive feedback may cause a device to latch, i.e., to reach a condition in which the output is locked to its maximum or minimum state. This fact is very widely used in digital electronics to make bistable circuits for volatile storage of information. The loud squeals that sometimes occurs in audio systems, PA systems, and rock music are known as audio feedback.
If a microphone is in front of a loudspeaker that it is connected to, sound that the microphone picks up comes out of the speaker, and is picked up by the microphone and re-amplified. If the loop gain is sufficient, howling or squealing at the maximum power of the amplifier is possible.
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